uGsefr bmzDukd rMumcPaNymavh&Sdw,f
uGsefrrSm olY"mwfykHwpfykHrSr&Sdwm
'gayr,fh oltaNzu tNrJwrf; 'Dtwkdif;yJ
igraocif eifhudkwpfykHykdYay;r,f
tJh'gudk abmifoGif;xm;
olYpum;udk olwnfygw,f
bmzD olYaemufqkH;uwdudkNznfhqnf;oGm;w,f
uGsefr uav;b0xJu tcspfeYJywfoufwJhtawG;u
twlwlaeMur,f
twlwlaoMur,fqkdwmyJ
uGsefr bkd;bGm;awGvkdaygh
uGsefr tbkd;qkH;oGm;awmh q,fESpfyJ&Sdao;w,f
aemufwpfaeYrSmyJ tbGm;uyg uGsefrwkdYukdxm;oGm;w,f
uGsefru tJh'Dvkd tcspfrsdK;udkawmifhwwm
'gayr,fh bmzDu 'g*sDvifrSm olYaemufqkH;xGufoufukd&Iaew,f
uGsefr tcsdefrSDyghrvm; rodbl;
aysmf&TifNcif;qkdwm tao;tzGJav;awGqDuvJ&SmawGYEkdifw,f
a& wpfZvkHuvJ oabmFawG&GufvTifhzkdYvkHavmufw,f
wu,fom ,kHMunf&if
puúLiSufuav;awGawmif ysHEkdifw,fqkdwm
bwfzDqDu uGsefr oif,lcJh&w,f
bmzDu tNrJwrf;aysmfaysmfyJaew,f
NyD;awmh xl;Ncm;wJhtaMumif;NycsufwpfckeJY bmaMumifhrodyJ
uGsefr olYb0xJukd tcuftcJawG,laqmifvmwwfw,f
'gayr,fh ol uGsefreJYywfoufNyD;awmhaum
tcuftcJawGtwGufyg
wpfcgrS rnnf;nLcJhbl;
bmzD
w&m;Oya'&JU ukd,fpm;
&yfvkdufzkdY igtrdefYay;w,f
t&l;awG rif;wkdY atmufrSm bmvkyfaewmvJ
ol trkd;ay:rSm wufMuav
bmzD
ab;z,fyg
tifpyufwm wpfckkckrSm;aeNyDxifw,f
'gtrSm;r[kwfbl; aus;Zl;wifygw,f rpöuf qef;*kywm;
cifAsm;om pGJcsufrwifbl;qkd&if uGsefawmf olYukdzrf;rdrSmr[kwfbl;
olYudk b,fac:oGm;rSmvJ
vef'ef
aemufwmyg rpöuf qef;*kywm; olYudk 'g*sDvifac:oGm;rSmyg
oGm;pkdY
r'rf q&mqDu zkef;vmaew,f
t&ifuvJ ESpfacgufqufxm;w,f
&JawG bmvkdY tdrfvmoGm;wmvJ
ighukdawmif owif;rykdYbl;
bmzD qkdwm b,folvJ
ollu rif;eJU b,fvkdywfoufvJ
igwkdY wpfcgrS tdrfukd &JrvmcJhzl;bl;
uGsefrtwGuf bmzDqkdwm bmvJ
uGsefr &ef*sd ar;cGef;udk aNzp&m pum;r&SdcJhbl;
&I&kwD
&ef*sdeJY tdrfaxmifouf aNcmufESpfausmfcJhwmawmif bmzDu bmvkdY uGsefrtwGuf ta&;ygaeao;vJ
'gudk &ef*sdukday;vkdufyg
tJh'DaeYu bmzDukd ulnDzkdY uGsefr aESmifMudK;awG tm;vkH;ukdNznfNyD;xGufcJhw,f
uGsefr 'Davmufxd aNcvSrf;usJusJvSrf;cJhwm
uGsefr bmzDhudk eufeufeJeJY cspfaerdwkef;yJNzpfvkdY
uGsefr oklYukd yxrqkH;awGYcJhwkef;uvkdyJ
tJh'g uGsefr taz 'g*sDvifudkaNymif;wkef;u
NyLwif;aygufwifvkduf - tat;ywfvdrfhr,f
ol aemufokH;vqkd tdrfaxmifNyKawmhr,fvkdY b,folxifrSmvJ
108...
tJh'gbmvJ
aeygOD; Nyprf;
101-4 tpkd;&wkdufwef; [D;vf vrf;0
- [D;vf umhwf - [D;vf umhwf
t&l;
bmzDtaMumif;raNymcsifygbl;
uGsefr b0wpf0ufavmufukd olYaemufvkdufNyD; tcsdefukefcJhw,f
bmzDhaMumifhom r[kwf&if
uGsefawmf &Jt&m&Sdtvkyfu ElwfxGufNyD;avmufNyD
tckawmh "mwfMurf;aq;awGa&mif;aew,f
"mwfMurf;
'Dvlqkd; bmzD
bmzDu oloGm;av&mrS tcspfawGNzefYa0ay;w,f
'gayr,fh bmrS NyefrvkdcsifcJhbl;
olYukd aumif;apcsifolawG trsm;MuD;&Sdaewm tHhMop&mr&Sdygbl;
bmzDeJY uGsefawmfeJYu uav;b0uwnf;u oli,fcsif;awG
trsm;MuD;aysmfcJhzl;w,f
olu qGHYt em;rMum;
'gayr,fh acgif;rmwmu rmwmyJ
oklYrSm Nyóem wpfckawmh&Sdw,f
oklYukd..
vklawGu pGefYcGmoGm;vdrfhr,fvkdYxifaew,f
tJh'gaMumifh oleJYeD;pyfwJholawGukd prf;oyfavh&Sdw,f
olYtazu olYukd cspfpEkd;eJY emrnfay;cJhwm
rmzD rmzD a&'D,kduav; qkdNyD;awmh
olY emrnfukd b,folar;ar; olu aNymvdrfhr,f
bmzD
eif tcsdefNzKef;aewmyJ
igu aphpyfNyD;om;
'gudk b,fol ykdYvkdufwmvJ
ig em&Dukd aemuf 15 rdepfNyefqkwfvkdufr,f
eif eJY ig b,fwkef;urS rawGYcJhao;bl;
eifhudk vufxyfcGifhrawmif;&ao;bl;vkdY oabmxm;
eifhrSm bmzD qkdwJh oli,fcsif;topf wpfa,muf&w,fvkdY oabmxm;vkduf
eifh oli,fcsif;u eifhr*Fvmaqmifukd ulnD pDpOfay;r,fholvkdY oabmxm;
awmfvkdufwm
tck tJh'gawGtm;vkH; oabmxm;vkdY&&if
ighudkNyKH;NyNyD; vuf,rf;Ny
cspfp&maumif;vkdufwm
eif olYudkaphpyfNyD;om;qkdwm aNymvkdufawmh olaESmifh,SufawmhrSmr[kwfygbl;
t&rf;acsmwmyJ
odw,f
ausmif;u aumifrav;awG tm;vkH;u olYudkMudwfckdufaeMuwm
tcspfaMumifhvufxyfwmvm;
bmvJ
wpfaeY ol pmMunfhwkdufxJukd0ifvmw,f
ighvufukdukdifNyD; ar;w,f
ukd,fhudk vufxyfrvm;wJh
aemufawmh
igu tarhudk bmrS zkH;uG,frxm;wwfbl;
olYukd &ef*sd taMumif;aNymNyawmh
ol wpfckyJar;w,f
olYtazu bmtvkyfvkyfvJwJh
'g*sDvifukd vmNyD;wJhaemufykdif;usawmh
bmaMumifhrSef;rodbl; &ef*sdeJYa0;ae&wm aysmfvmw,f
bmzDu avNyif;wpfpvkd a&mufvmw,f
rsufpd wpfrSdwftwGif; uGsefr&JU &kd;&Sif;wJhb0qDuae vGifhygoGm;w,f
ukd,fwkdif owdrxm;cJhrdbl;
ol uGsefrudk b,fvkdpGefYpm;&rvJ
b,fvkd&Sifoef&rvJqkdwm NycJhw,f
NyD;awmh uGsefr oif,lcJh&wJh ta&;MuD;qkH; oifcef;pmu
b0rSm tMuD;rm;qkH;pGefYpm;rIqkdwm
bmrS rpGefYpm;cJhwmyJ
wqdwfavmuf tifpyufwm 'wfwm;
'Dvl&Iyf
MuD;NrwfwJh bmzD
rif; tifpyufwm 'wfwm;qDu vGwfEkdifr,fxifaevm;
tifpyufwm
q&m apmihfygOd;
rpöuf qif;*kywm;
umvuwÅm;u
'Dukda&mufvmwm odyfrMumbl;yJ
oGm;&kduf olYukd
tifpyufwm olpum;raNymEkdifbl;av
odwmaygh
igodom;yJ
igwkdY t&ifuwnf;u odwmMumNyD
wpfckckawmh rSm;aeNyDxifw,f
ighudk vmq&mrvkyfeJY
bmrS rrSm;bl;
rif; olYudkulnDcsif&if
oleJY qufoG,fpum;aNymEkdifr,fol &SmvmcJh
bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh igolYudk trIzGifh&if tm;vkH;olyJNzpfoGm;r,f
ol bmvkyfcJhvkdYvJ
'DrSmMunfh
ighcg;u t&ifwkef;u 52 vufr
tck 42 vufrNzpfoGm;NyD
NyD;awmh rif;u ighudk 'Dvkdar;w,f
vm
0ifcJh
Munfhav
'DrSm rif;&JU bmzD
ol bmvkyfcJhvJ
okl bPfukd "m;NywdkufcJhw,f rpöuf qif;*kywm;
[ifhtif; rtHhMoygeJY
Zmwfvrf;u 'DavmufeJYrNyD;ao;bl;
ol 'g*sDvifu tav;pm;cH&qkH; vlwpfa,muf&JU
aNr;udk Nyefay;qGJoGm;w,f
'DrSm
'g
rpö*srDcsufwm*sD;
auseyfNyDvm;
*srD;&JU rdom;pkawGu olYukd rwfpfuefrSm
pGefYypfcJhwkef;u olu aNcmufESpfyJ&Sdao;w,f
t&rf;udk NzLpifw,f
wdrfav;vkdEl;nHhw,f
tJh'Dwkef;u txD;usefpdwfa0'emqkdwm a&m*gwpfrsdK;vkdY ,lqMuw,f
olYrdbawGu olYukd&Sufp&mvkdYxifw,f
uGsefr Mum;wJhtxJrSm
olYtaruolYudk t&ufrl;aewJhtcsdef vnfyif;nSpfzl;w,fwJh
tJh'DrSm olYtbkd; olYudk rlpuefudkac:vmwmyJ
tJh'DupNyD;
rlpuefu *srD&JU tdrfNzpfcjhw,f
olYukdapmifha&SmufEkdifr,fxifvm;
b,fvkdapmifha&SmufrSmvJ
uGsefawmfwkdYrSm tdrfapawGtrsm;MuD;&Sdw,f
tdrfapawG
olY tbkd;usef;rma&;u ykdqkd;vmNyD
olYaemufqkH;aeYawmif NzpfvmEkdifw,f
olu *srD;ukdyJ awGYzkdYaNymaew,f
cifAsm;odrSmyg olYtrdefYudk b,folrS rvGefqefEkdifbl;
'g*sL; &SifvmrSNzpfvdrfhr,f
*srD;
rlpuefu uav;awGtrsm;MuD;xJrSmrS *srD;u 'g*sL;&JU tonf;
bmvkdY rNzpf&rSmvJ
olu ewforD;av;vkdyJ
'g*sL;rSmom qkH;NzwfykdifcGifh&Sd&if ol *srD;udk b,fawmhrS vufvTwfrSmr[kwfbl;
t&uform;tar
avmif;upm;uvGJ&if bmrSrvkyfwwfwJhtaz
*srD;u txl;apmifha&SmufrIrsdK;vkdwm
*sef; bm'l;
bmzD
aus;Zl;NyKNyD; tbkd;
'DrSm
&S&lwD;
cifAsm; aeraumif;bl;
'gayr,fh 'gav;awG vufrSwfxkd;xm;Ekdif&if..
ig raoEkdifygbl;
rMumciftcsdefavmufeJYawmh
ighudk vmr&,feJY
olY emrnf b,folvJ
b,folYemrnfvJ
b,folvJ
bmzD
tar orD; touft&G,fwkef;u 'D 'g*sDvifrSm ausmif;wufcJhw,f
odygw,f
orD; rodwmawG&Sdao;w,f
bmvJ
tJh'DvlukdawGYvm;
qG,fwm tNymeJY
tif;
olu tarh oli,fcsif;&JU tpfudk
t&ifwkef;u odyfacsmwm
tar olYudk &l;oGyfcJhw,f
oleJY ckd;&mvkdufoGm;csifw,f
aemufawmh
tar blwm&kHrSm
vufxJrSmvJ vufrSwfeJY
aemufawmh &xm;xGufoGm;w,f
tar oleJY rvkdufoGm;cJhbl;
orD; taz 'DrSm wm0efusawmh
tcsdef&wkdif;..
tar 'Dudkvmw,f
olYukd ta0;u vSrf;Munfhw,f
wu,fvkdY om oleJY xGufaNy;cJhrd&if
bmNzpfvmcJhrvJ awG;aMumufvmw,f
ighb0 tck b,fvkdNzpfaervJ
orD;udk b,fvkdb0rsdK;rSm xm;EkdifrvJ
tck orD; &yfaewm tar ausmckdif;cJhwJh
vrf;qkHwpfckrSm..
'gayr,fh
orD; &ef*sdukd rcspfbl;
&ef*sDu orD;twGuf NyD;NynfhpkHw,f
'Dvkdqkd tm;vkH;u aiGtwGufyJvm;
[ifhtif;
tJh'g aiGeJY rqkdifygbl;
olu orD; Mum;csifwJhpum;awGaNymEkdifrSmr[kwfbl;
orD; aNymcsifwJh pum;awGvJ Mum;EkdifrSmr[kwfbl;
wpfcgwpfav wdwfqdwfNcif;qdkwm tcspf&JU bmompum;yg
'gayr,fh tcspfxJuae wdwfqdwfrIu aysmufuG,foGm;vdrhfr,f
oleJY pum;aNymzkdY vufacsmif;awG okH;&w,f
'gayr,fh tm;vkH;u orD;udk vufnId;xkd;vdrhfr,f
tazhudk tar wu,fcspfvm;
wpfcgyJ cspfvkdY&w,fvkdY orD;udk b,folaNymvJ
ol tckqkd tarhukd rSwfrdcsifrS rSwfrdawmhr,f
'DrSm
aemufwpfcg aiGvkd&if vmcJh ig oifcef;pmay;vdkufr,f
av;pm;&wJh &S&IwD&JU taz
b0qkdwm vSywJh c&D;wpfckyg
olYrSmbmawG uGsefawmfwkdYtwGuf &SdaervJ uGsefawmfwkdYrodbl;
'gayr,fh uGsefawmf 'gudkawmhodw,f
cifAsm;orD;ukd cifAsm; t&rf;cspfw,f
cifAsm;orD;uvJ uGsefawmfhudk t&rf;cspfw,f
uGsefawmfuvJ cifAsm;orD;udk t&rf;cspfw,f
uGsefawmfwkdY Mum;rSm tcspfawG 'Davmufrsm;aewm
uGsefawmfwkdY rdom;pk rNzpfEkdifbl;vm;
tif;
cifAsm;orD;udk uGsefawmfeJYvufxyfzkdYaNymay;yg
uGsefawmfwkdYb0u NyD;NynfhpkHwJh ewforD;ykHNyifav; Nzpf&r,f
uGsefawmfwkdY tm;vkH;aysmf&TifpGmaeMur,f
aus;Zl;NyKNyD;vufcHay;yg
cifAsm;&JU ppfrSefwJh bmzD
'gbmvJ
uGsefr Munfhr,f
'g bmvJ
ol tvSLvmcHwmyg
olu qGHYtem;rMum;av
bmzD
oGm;
xkdif
aNymav
*srD;
ol *srD;taMumif;ar;aew,f
11 em&D pmwkdufrSm &lyD; 7000 vmcsyg
b,fola&;cJhwmvJ
vkdem ulaum wHwm;udk q,fhwpfem&DrSm &lyD; wpfodef;,lvmcJhyg
ighudk t&l;xifaevm;
olYudk tpuaeNyefaNymzkdY aNymvkduf
uGsefawmfhtaru uGsefawmfhtazukd arG;&if; qkH;oGm;w,f
- uGsefawmfhtazu um;orm; - awmfawmh
tJh'D tpuae r[kwfbl;
'Dudpö tpuae
&S&lwD xGufoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf bmzDu vkH;0ykHpHaNymif;oGm;w,f
olYtaz tvkyfNyKwfoGm;w,f
tJh'g *srD; tbkd;qkH;oGm;wJhtcsdefrSm pw,f
tbkd; xyg
*srD;tbkd;u olYpnf;pdrfrSeforQukd *srD wpfOD;wnf;emrnfeJYvTJoGm;w,f
*srD;tazu tdrfapawGeJYxyfwl rNzpfpavmuf vpOfaxmufyHhaMu;eJYae&w,f
olwkdY NyóemawGu ykdqkd;vmw,f
wpfaeY tdrfapawGtm;vkH;ukd vla[mif;awGyg rusef tm;vkH;tvkyfxkwfvkdufw,f
bmzDh tazeJY *srD;&JU txdef;awmfMuD;vJygw,f
olY txdef;awmfr&SdyJ *srD; b,fvkdtouf&SifrvJ olrawG;cJhbl;
ausmufuyfraumif;wm
olukzdkYvkdtyfr,f
&lyD; ckESpfaxmif
ESpf&uftwGif;
tif;
rpöwm csufwm*sD;
aumif;aom naecif;yg q&m
Nyefay;qGJcH&w,f
cifAsm; orD;
aocsm&JUvm;
olYukd aemufqkH;Nrifvkdufwm b,folvJ
uGsefawmf olYudktdyf,m0ifykHNyifzwfNyaew,f
olu tdyfaysmfaew,f b,fvkdvkyfNyefay;qGJcH&wmvJ
uGsefawmfhukdzkef;qufw,f
Nyefay;aiG ig;aomif;wJh
ig;aomif;
'DbufukdMuGyg
cifAsm; b,folYudkoHo,&SdvJ
cifAsm;rSm &efolawG&Sdvm;
olYrSmtaMuG;wpfcsdKUawmh&Sdw,f
tif; 'Dawmh &efolawG&Sdwmaygh
pdwfraumif;ygbl;
- aqm&D; olrl;aew,f - tJh'DxJu wpfa,mufyJNzpfvdrfhr,f
- rif;aomufwmawG&yfygawmh - uGsefr aomufaewm r[kwfbl;
wpfNcm;tdrfapawGoGm;ac:
olYukdyg rif;eJYac:oGm;
okl uav;b0wkef;u rif; vnfyif;nSpfzl;w,f
tJh'g bmqkdifvkdY vmxnfhaNymaewmvJ
ig b,fvkdvkyfarhvkdY&rvJ
yg;pyfydwfxm;
rif; yg;pyfydwfxm;
rpöwm csufwm*sD;\ orD;Nyefay;qGJcH&
bmzD
rif; b,frSmvJ
b,foGm;rvkdYvJ
rpöwm 'wfwm;
uGsefawmfwkdY aemufusaeNyD
tifpyufwm 'wfwm; wpfckckvkyfygOD;
bmzD
&I;aygufcsifw,f
[ifhtif; wHcg;rydwfeJY
pmwkdufrSm &lyD; ckESpfaxmif reufNzefvmcsyg
b,folvJ
b,foklvJ
wHcg;zGifh
ig olYudk 15 ESpfvkH;apmifha&Smufvmwm
rif;u 15 &ufawmifrapmifha&SmufEkdifbl;
tJh'Dpmudk b,fwkef;u&wmvJ
'Dreuf pmwkdufykH;xJu &wm
olYudkrac:oGm;zkdY igaNymxm;om;yJ
rif;wkdYtwGuf aiGyJta&;ygw,f
tck bmawGNzpfaewmvJ igodw,f
cifAsm; bmaNymcsifwmvJ
bmvkdY 'DvkdaNymwmvJ
NzpfoGm;wmawG cifAsm;odw,f
'DrSm&J&Sdw,f
'gudk cifAsm;u 'gawGaNymaew,f
tifpyufwm
'Dudpöudk aocsmpkHprf;yg
*srD;&JU rdom;pkygaew,fvkdY igxifw,f
209...
- 210? - 210.
- 211? - 211.
vlem emrnfu b,folvJ
*sef; b[m'l;
q&m pDeD,mtifpyufwm cifAsm;ukdac:aew,f
q&m
q&m uGsefawmfhrdef;ru
AkdufMuD;aew,f
'gayr,fh rif;MuD;wmrS r[kwfwm
'DrSmae
ol cifAsm;udkaNymvm;
ol uGsefawmfhudkraNymbl;
cifAsm; olYukdaNymNyD;NyDvm;
uGsefawmf olYudk raNymbl;
'Dvkdqkd bmvkyfMurvJ
- aNymav - cifAsm;yJaNymyg q&m
uGsefawmfwkdY bmvkyfMurvJ
ol 'Dukda&mufaeNyD
[kwfw,f q&m ola&mufaeNyD
rif;oGm;rvm;
igoGm;&rvm;
wpfem&Dvkdao;w,f
uGsefawmfqufNyD;pkHprf;yghr,f
igwkdYrSm Nyefay;awmif;aiG ESpfck&Sdw,f
wpfcku 7000 bmzD a&;xm;wm
&lyD; wpfodef;awmif;wJhpmukd b,fola&;wmvJ rodbl;
wu,fvkdY cifAsm;orD;toufu cifAsm;twGuf wefzkd;&Sd&if
&lyD; wpfodef;eJYtwl
n 11 em&DrSm ulum wHwm;udkvmyg
r[kwf&if aumifrav; aor,f
'Dawmh pDeD,mtifpyufwm eJY rpöwm csufwm*sD;
wHwm;ukd 11 em&DrSmoGm;cJhw,f
wpfnvkH; t&m&SdawGtrsm;MuD;
a&uefxJrSm *srD;udk&SmcJhw,f
trIeJYywfoufNyD; xl;qef;wmu
vlqkd; b,folvJqkdwm b,folrS rodcJhMubl;
wu,fvkdY *srD;u towfcH&r,fqkd&if
b,folYrSm tusdK;&SdrvJ
ig qufNyD;pkHprf;ppfaq;wmawG qufvkyfcJhw,f
wpfae&m&mrSm oJvGefp&r,fvkdYxifaecJhw,f
'gayr,fh bmoJvGefprS r&cJhbl;
'gayr,fh ig&cJhwmu
tifrwef pdwfvIyf&Sm;zkdYaumif;w,f
rif;rvGwfygbl;
aeOD;
rif;wufrSmvm; rwufbl;vm;
bmzD
csufwm*sD; uav;aysmufqkH;ae Nyefay;qGJol aNy;aeqJ
aqm&D; q&m
pDeD,m tifpyufwm cifAsm;udkac:aew,f
wpfqdwfavmuf
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